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Study Guide

• [Infrastructure and Documentation]
• [Addressing]
• [Protocols]
• [Cabling]
• [Wireless Networking]
• [Network Architecture]
• [Network Segmentation]
• [Wide Area Networking]
• [Risk Management]
• [Access Control]
• [Performance and Recovery]

== Exam Objectives for (V9) [ Networking concepts (23%) ] OSI model layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application. Networking appliances: routers, switches, firewalls, IDS/IPS, load balancers, proxies, NAS, SAN, and wireless devices. Cloud concepts: NFV, VPC, network security groups, cloud gateways, deployment models (public, private, hybrid), service models (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS). Ports and protocols: FTP, SFTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, DNS, DHCP, HTTP, HTTPS, SNMP, LDAP, RDP, SIP. Traffic types: unicast, multicast, anycast, broadcast. Transmission media: wireless (802.11, cellular, satellite), wired (fiber, coaxial, DAC). Transceivers and connectors: SC, LC, ST, MPO, RJ11, RJ45, F-type, BNC. Network topologies: mesh, hybrid, star/hub and spoke, spine and leaf, point-to-point, three-tier, and collapsed core. IPv4 addressing: public vs. private, APIPA, RFC1918, loopback, subnetting (VLSM, CIDR), and address classes (A, B, C, D, E).

[ Network implementation (20%) ] Routing technologies: static and dynamic routing (BGP, EIGRP, OSPF), route selection, NAT, PAT, FHRP, VIP, and subinterfaces. Switching technologies: VLANs, interface configuration, spanning tree, MTU, and jumbo frames. Wireless devices: channels, frequency options, SSID, network types, encryption, guest networks, authentication, antennas, and access points. Physical installations: installation implications, power considerations, and environmental factors.

[ Network operations (19%) ] Documentation: physical vs. logical diagrams, rack diagrams, cable maps, network diagrams, asset inventory, IPAM, SLA, and wireless surveys. Life-cycle management: EOL, EOS, software management, and decommissioning. Change management: request process tracking. Configuration management: production, backup, baseline configurations. Network monitoring: SNMP, flow data, packet capture, baseline metrics, log aggregation, API integration, and port mirroring. Disaster recovery: RPO, RTO, MTTR, MTBF, cold/warm/hot sites, active-active/passive, and testing. Network services: DHCP, SLAAC, DNS, NTP, PTP, and NTS. Access and management: VPNs, SSH, GUI, API, and console.

[ Network security (14%) ] Logical security: encryption (data in transit/rest), PKI, IAM, MFA, SSO, RADIUS, LDAP, SAML, TACACS+, time-based authentication, authorization, least privilege, role-based access control, and geofencing. Physical security: cameras and locks. Deception technologies: honeypot and honeynet. Security terminology: risk, vulnerability, exploit, threat, and CIA triad. Audits and compliance: data locality, PCI DSS, and GDPR. Network segmentation: IoT, IIoT, SCADA, ICS, OT, guest, and BYOD. Types of attacks: DoS/DDoS, VLAN hopping, MAC flooding, ARP poisoning/spoofing, DNS poisoning/spoofing, rogue devices/services, evil twin, on-path attack, and social engineering (phishing, dumpster diving, shoulder surfing, tailgating). Security features and defense: device hardening, NAC, key management, ACL, URL/content filtering, trusted vs. untrusted zones, and screened subnet.